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Political Warfare is an old term that is seeing a new life. While the
concept of political warfare has not changed since shortly after World
War II; the use of the term has been
gaining in popularity over the past few years.
Definitions of Political Warfare
Political Warfare Definition. By Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_warfare
References on Political Warfare
Kennan, George. 269. Policy Planning Staff Memoradum,
Washington, May 4, 1948. Kennan's State Department policy planning staff
defined the concept of political warfare in response to Soviet Union
aggression and provides recommendations on establishing
organizations that would conduct political warfare. Kennan advocates for
a Directorate for Political Warfare inside the State Department.
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/johnson/65ciafounding3.htm
USASOC, SOF Support to Political Warfare White Paper, United
States Army Special Operations Command, March 10, 2015.
www.specialforcestraining.info/docs/SOFSupportPolWarPaperV2.3USASOC10Mar2015.pdf
CRS, What is "Political Warfare". The Congressional
Research Service has published a two page document providing information
and a description of the background, terminology, and tools of political
warfare. PDF, January 9, 2023.
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11127
Papers on Political Warfare
Geershaneck, Kerry K., Political Warfare: Strategies for
Combating China's Plan to "Win without Fighting", Marine Corps
University Press, 2020, PDF, 217 pages.
https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/Political Warfare_web.pdf
Cleveland, Charles et al. A 12-page
paper about the use of political warfare by the United States.
An America Way of Political Warfare, RAND Corporation, July
2018. Authors include Charles T. Cleveland, Ryan Crocker, Daniel Egel,
Andrew M. Liepman, and David Maxwell.
Johnston, Kyle, "Why the United States Needs a National Political
Warfare Center and Regional Embassies", Georgetown Security Studies
Review, Volume 4, Number 2, June 2016, page 84-97.
http://georgetownsecuritystudiesreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/GSSR-Vol.-4-Iss.-2.pdf
Boot, Max. Political Warfare: Policy Innovation Memorandum No.
33, Council on Foreign Relations, June 2013. Max Boot states
that the U.S. government is in a long-term struggle for influence in the
Middle East but lacks the tools to contest this struggle for 'hearts and
minds'.
www.cfr.org/wars-and-warfare/political-warfare/p30894
Chau, Donovon C., Political Warfare in Sub-Saharan Africa: U.S.
Capabilities and Chinese Operations in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and
South Africa, March 2007. Strategic Studies Institute.
www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB766.pdf
Corke, Sarah-Jane, "George Kennan and the Inauguration of Political
Warfare", The Journal of Conflict Studies, Vol 26, No 1 (2006),
The Gregg Centre for the Study of War and Society.
http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/jcs/article/view/2171/2570
Videos about Political Warfare
April 2014. Propaganda, Disinformation, and Dirty Tricks: The
Resurgence of Russian Political Warfare, The Heritage Foundation.
(Video 1 hr 51 mins long panel discussion).
www.heritage.org/events/2014/04/russian-politcal-warfare
News Reports on Political Warfare
June 2019.
The Growing Need to Focus on Modern Political Warfare, RAND
Corporation.
August 4, 2014.
On Not-So-New Warfare: Political Warfare vs Hybrid Threats, By
Frank Hoffman, ISN. Hoffman finds the term 'political warfare' imprecise
and questions George Kennan's understanding of military matters. He
believes that the U.S. military establishment is too narrowly
focused on the increasingly 'traditional' mode of warfare and should pay
more attention to the new (old) types of warfare we are certain to face
- whether called 'political warfare',
'hybrid warfare', or
'unconventional warfare'.
August 16, 2013.
"Re-Inventing Political Warfare". By Michael P. Noonan, U.S.
News & World Report. The U.S. needs to re-think how it competes on
the world stage.
June 28, 2013.
Political Warfare: Changing America's Approach to the Middle East,
By Max Boot and Michael Doran. Brookings Institute.
June 26, 2005.
"Strategy: Political warfare neglected", U-T San Diego.
Brian Michael Jenkins says that the U.S. is not employing all of its
tools against the threat of terrorism.
September 25, 2001.
"A Plan for Political Warfare", by Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Wall
Street Journal. Brzenzinski says that the U.S. response to the 9/11
attacks must include a military and political response to include use of
Special Forces to conduct covert operations against terrorist
organizations.
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